OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside a user's authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby introducing vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These refer to compromises or breakdowns in the software building, distribution, or update processes. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). While previous challenges regarding CPU performance and key management have been mitigated by modern CPUs with accelerated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified services like LetsEncrypt.org or cloud-provider integrated certificate management, broader considerations remain. Beyond the transport layer, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which needs additional protection in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). Sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that enables attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate parts of the system. This can have severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - This broad category represents weaknesses expressed as missing or ineffective control design. Insecure design is not the sole source of other Top Ten risks, and it is distinct from insecure implementation. This distinction exists because design flaws and implementation defects have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects leading to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be corrected by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is often the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system being developed, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability is present when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures involve code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. Examples include applications relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (e.g., by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches go undetected, and without alerting, rapid and effective response to security incidents is difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to initiate active responses is a critical gap.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This involves one or more of the following failings: the application does not prevent an unusual situation from occurring, it does not identify the situation as it happens, and/or it responds poorly or not at all after the event.

The course will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, such as multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early